Cal's+notes+as+of+1-14-11

Version:1.0 StartHTML:0000000168 EndHTML:0000028452 StartFragment:0000000471 EndFragment:0000028435 * Motivation for warfare: Religious protect god, root out evil Financial gain control of resources Territorial gain land, or prevent others attack Patriotic for the good of our nation or ruler

**French and Indian War 1754 - 1763** 1749 King George II land grant to Ohio Co – Last one to lead team into battle Within 7 yrs 100 families Fort to protect families → treaty of logstown 1744 Treaty of Logstown with Iroquois League allows fort on Ohio 1749 June Governor of New France gets complaints about English fur trappers → Orders Capt. Celeron de Blainville + 213 men post and __ bury tablets → no one person died __ November 1749 3,000 mile round trip → plates are not enough December 1749 Governor of New France orders Line of Forts/Trading Post built Attacks Shawnees and Miami for trading with English Fortified frontier and undeclared war July 1752 (New Gov.) Marquis Duquesne arrives in Quebec Takes over as Governor 2,000 regular French troops  Ordered to secure the Ohio River Valley Enforce French claims Build forts to control river 1752 Christopher Gist (Eng) gets treaty → Gist Treaty → worked out between Ohio and Virginia companies signed by: All six Iroquois tribes Delaware Shawnee Wyandot Treaty gives all land deeds to Ohio Valley to English the French attacked all English and native to capture the Ohio Valley Lord Halifax (Parliament) ask for declaration of war – (is English) → they say “No”. <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffff00; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0in;">France has violated Virginia Charter, Ohio land grant, treaty of Logstown. Gist Treaty <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #2300dc; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0in;">Parliament says no 1753 Governor Robert Dinwiddie (?Force the French out?) of Virginia gets authority to order French to remove from Ohio river valley <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffff00; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0in;">New France controls whole mid west <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffff00; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.5in;">1732 → George Washington – triggers war <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffff00; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.5in;">Eldest son of Augustine Washington and 2nd wife, Mary Ball Washington <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffff00; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.5in;">Poep's creek on the Potomac River (John Washington + Anne Pope 1657) <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffff00; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0in;"> Study of - <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffff00; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0in;"> Mathematics <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffff00; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0in;"> surveying <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffff00; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0in;"> The Classics <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffff00; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0in;"> “Rules of Civility”

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffff00; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0in;">Father b. 1693 – died in 1743 ( G.W. 11 yrs.)

Turned to Surveying, (1748) Offers to take message for Governor Dinwiddie <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffff00; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 2in;">Promoted to Captain <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffff00; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 2.5in;">Maps good location for a fort Jan 1753 House of Burgesses votes to fund fort and Militia to Man G.W. promoted to Lt. Col. 2nd in command of Va. Militia <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffff00; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 2.5in;">Washington orders attack on French fort building party <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffff00; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 2.5in; text-indent: 0.5in;">Fort Necessity <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffff00; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 3in;">Washington sign surrender 7/4/1753 <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffff00; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 3.5in;">Admits he is assassin Document is the start of “ ** 7 Year War ** ” “ ** Great War of Empire ** ” “ ** The French and Indian War ** ” **SitRep = Situation Report** <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #00ffff; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.5in;">New France <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #00ff00; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.5in;">British Colonies of America 1754 The British Act no more iron forges allowed in colonies = July 10, 1754 ** Albany Plan of Union This will be on exam ** = Colonial governments send representatives to Albany New York 7 colonies attend Iroquois agree to remain friendly 1755 General Braddock arrives in Virginia with English army of 10,000 men George Washington asks to be an advisor/observer to learn British Plan (4 part plan) ** Battle of the Wilderness ** Braddock + 2500 will leave Va. and capture Fort Duquesne * During retreat all of Braddock’s papers captured (French have Plans) Washington put in charge of all Virginia Militia and protect frontier 1758 resigns command and get elected to House of Burgesses **River Routes** William Johnson commands New England Militia and Mohawks <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #00ff00; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1in;">Builds Fort Edward (Fort William Henry) April 10, 1756 Colonial Council of Pennsylvania passes “Scalp Bounty” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #00ffff; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0in;">French get new commander May 11,1756 Louis Joseph, Marquis de Montcalm, Gozon de St. Véran December 1756 William Pitt – British Secretary of State for Southern Department In charge of Parliament in England (war leadership) <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #00ff00; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1in;">“**Win America first then win rest of the world, piece by piece.”** Pitt spends money puts more men, gun and ships into action then before **The** ** Militia Act of 1757 ** **1758** ** French Fort of Louisbourg Captured by British ** July 27th, General Amherst took possession of the town August 1758 Gen. John Forbes for British attack Fort Duquesne ** Colonel Bouquet commander “The Black Watch Regiment” Scottish Highlanders ** ** Pyrrhic victory ****, French win but victory cost too much** **October 1758** Treaty of Easton **– English promise** ** “No white settlement west of Ft. Pitt” ** **British build frontier forts Part 3** William Johnson's troops capture Fort Niagara General Amherst attacks the forts at Carillon (Ticonderoga) and Crown Point 1759, General James Wolfe, was in command of the largest British naval force ever **Quebec** itself, was a natural fortress Lower Town, homes, warehouses, and docks, lays along riverside, unfortified Upper Town atop the bluffs, fortified <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #00ffff; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0in;">Montcalm would not have to fight to win, by simply holding on, avoiding an all out fight until winter drove the invaders away or froze in place. <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #00ff00; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0in;">Wolfe must make Montcalm come out and fight September 13, 1759 2A.M. “ ** Battle of The Plains of Abraham ** ” European battle will win frontier war September 17, 1759 Quebec capitulates <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #00ffff; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.5in;">All French citizens who take oath of allegiance to England can keep their land 1760 King George III and Parliament begins to enforce the ** Acts of Navigation ** May 3, 1760 Amherst launches drive to take Montreal, the last French stronghold <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #00ff00; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.5in; orphans: 2; widows: 2;">British flag is raised over Detroit, signaling the end of the French and Indian War <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffff00; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0in; orphans: 2; widows: 2;">January 2, 1762, Spain joins the war on the French side on Britain defeats Spain with naval power alone. France knows war is almost over and gives Spain Treaty of San Ildefonso France give Spain all lands west of the Mississippi Isle of New Orleans 1763 Treaty of Paris ends war (10 February 1763) **labeled all** ** Indians "subjects" of the British crown ** **established the settlements of eastern North America as British colonies** **BRITAIN'S ACQUISITIONS UNDER THE TERMS OF THE PEACE OF PARIS 1763** **In America:** Canada Nova Scotia Cape Breton and adjoining islands The right to navigate the Mississippi **In the West Indies:** Grenada St Vincent Dominica Tobago **From Spain:** Florida **In Africa:** Retained Senegal **In India:** Retained the East India Company's conquests **In Europe:** Minorca Fortifications of Dunkirk were demolished **FRENCH RETENSIONS** **In America:** The island of St Pierre The island of Miquelon Fishing rights off Newfoundland **In the West Indies:** The port of Havana Guadeloupe and Martinique **England demands and gets from France all Canada and all Lands east of the Mississippi** **From Spain they get Florida** **France gives Spain all land west of the Mississippi (Indians control this just legal claim)** **1762** ** Lord Jeffery Amherst ** **takes over major French frontier forts and** ** Indian relations ****: (this is General Amherst he had been knighted)** **refuses to continue French custom of** ** gifts of ammo ** **to Indians** ** raises prices ** **on English trade goods (no competition)** **Indian allies of French are** ** conquered people ** <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffff00; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0in;">Pontiac’s Rebellion Treaty of Paris, large tracts of Algonquian Indian land to Britain **War Chief of the Ottawa, calls a Grand Council,** ** this is the first pan-Indian (one leader) military movement ** ** Delaware medicine man “Neolin” ** **says** ** “Indians only win if they use the old ways reject white mans’ ways” ** **Plan - attack and drive English from all old French cities/forts before too numerous** **Attacks are successful and coordinated** <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #00ffff; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1in;">Under Chief Pontiac, warriors captured most of the trans-Allegheny forts, except Fort Pitt, and Fort Detroit (1763) ** Amherst declares total warfare ** **Also plans to spread/use** ** biological warfare spread smallpox ** August 6, 1763, British forces, under Colonel Henry Bouquet (Scottish Highlanders) destroyed Delaware and Shawnee forces at Battle of Bushy Run Pontiac was forced to capitulate on October 31, 1763 England's King George III's ** Proclamation of 1763 ** (<span style="font-family: Arial,serif;">October 7, 1763) **The** Plan of 1764 **Set up an** ** imperial fur trading ** **system (king profit)** **Frontier** ** forts ** **intended to** ** protect ** The Proclamation of 1763 marked boundaries <span style="font-family: Arial,serif;">October 7, 1763
 * 1) <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #00ff00; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0in;">Stop French expansion
 * 2) <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #00ff00; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0in;">Capture French frontier forts (Duquesne/Niagara)
 * 3) <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #00ff00; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0in;">Build British forts on Major rivers/lakes
 * 4) <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #00ff00; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0in;">Control Water ways to New France (Nova Scotia)